WebMar 10, 2010 · Thus radiative forcing, measured in watts per square meter of surface, is a direct measure of the impact that recent human activities — including not just greenhouse gases added to the air, but also the impact … WebRadiative forcing is a measure of the influence a given climatic factor has on the amount of downward-directed energy from the Sun impinging upon Earth’s surface. ... For …
Climate Forcing - US EPA
WebRadiative forcing is calculated in watts per square meter, which represents the size of the energy imbalance in the atmosphere. ... For example, methane emissions also lead to … WebExamples of these radiative forcing calculations are shown in Figure 4 for sulfate aerosol ... cristin hoel
Executive Summary Radiative Forcing of Climate Change: …
WebThe aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and the aerosol radiative forcing efficiency (ARFE) of various aerosol types at the top and the bottom of the atmosphere (TOA and BOA) are determined based on the MD aerosol classification. The dust aerosols are found to have the largest ARF at the TOA (−36 W/m2), followed by the urban/industrial aerosols ... WebA simple measure of the importance of a potential climate change mechanism. Radiative forcing is the perturbation to the energy balance of the earth-atmosphere system following, for example, a change in the concentration of carbon dioxide or a change in the output of the sun; the climate system responds to the radiative forcing so as to re-establish the … WebExamples of the geographical distribution of present-day annually averaged radiative forcing since preindustrial periods for (A) well-mixed greenhouse gases; (B) stratospheric ozone; (C) tropospheric ozone; and (D) the direct effect of sulfate aerosol. buffalo bills four consecutive super bowls